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Basic Military Requirements (BMR) - Study Guide
- By JoeNavy Staff
- Published 05/31/2007
- Study Guides
Study Guide - Basic Military Requirements (BMR CH 14)
The primary purpose of first aid is to save lives, prevent further injury, and limit infection.
The primary tasks to take when you administer first aid are to—
a. maintain breathing,
b. stop bleeding and maintain circulation,
c. prevent or treat shock.
The general first-aid rule for—
a. shock is to place the victim on his/her back with the head slightly lower than the feet
b. broken bones is to keep the person still until you immobilize the injured part
c. transport of injured persons is on the litter with the litter carried feet first
The first-aid treatment for respiratory failure is artificial ventilation.
Artificial ventilation should be administered only when natural breathing has stopped. NEVER give artificial ventilation to a person who is still breathing.
The three types of artificial ventilation are—
a. Mouth to mouth
b. Mouth to nose
c. Back pressure/arm lift
Cardiac arrest is the complete stoppage of heart function.
To be effective, CPR must be started within 4 minutes of the onset of cardiac arrest.
When you use the one-rescuer technique of CPR, the ratio of compressions to ventilations is 15 compressions to 2 ventilations.
When you use the two-rescuer technique of CPR, the ratio of compressions to ventilations is 5 compressions to 1 ventilation.
The symptoms of airway blockage are—
a. Inability of the victim to speak
b. Exaggerated breathing efforts
c. Skin turning blue
The four methods you can use to clear a person’s airway are—
a. Standing abdominal thrust
b. Reclining abdominal thrust
c. Standing chest thrust
d. Reclining chest thrust
The three types of blood vessels the body uses to circulate blood are—
a. Arteries—large vessels that carry blood away from the heart
b. Veins—large vessels that carry blood back to the heart
c. Capillaries—a connecting network of smaller vessels between the arteries and the veins
Hemorrhage is severe enough to endanger life when arteries or veins are cut.
A loss of 2 pints of blood is usually enough to cause shock.
Blood carried by—
a. Capillaries is brick red
b. Veins is dark red
c. Arteries is bright red
The only way to stop serious bleeding is the application of pressure.
A constricting band is a pad, a band, and a device for tightening the band so that the blood vessels will be compressed. Only use a constricting band when hemorrhage can’t be controlled any other way. Constricting bands are used above the wound. They aren’t used for wounds on the head, neck, or body.
When a constricting band or a battle dressing has been applied, only medical personnel should release/remove it.
A battle dressing is a combination compress and bandage, in which a sterile gauze pad is fastened to a gauze, muslin, or adhesive bandage.
When applying a battle dressing, you should make sure that the dressing covers the entire wound.
Shock is a condition where the blood circulation is seriously disturbed.
The symptoms of shock in a person are—
a. Weak and rapid pulse
b. Shallow, rapid, and irregular breathing
c. Lower temperature—the arms, face, and legs feel cold to the touch
d. Sweating
e. Pale skin color; however, in some cases, it may be bluish or reddish
f. Dilated (enlarged) pupils g. Thirst and an feeling of weakness, faintness, or dizziness
True, you should keep an injured person warm enough to be comfortable, but not warm enough to become overheated.
If you suspect that a person is in shock, you should keep the person lying flat on his/her back with the feet slightly elevated (raised) so that the position encourages the blood to flow back to the brain.
In the Navy, the most frequent suicide victim is an enlisted male between 17 and 24 years old and in paygrades E-1 through E-6.
The most common causes of suicide are—
a. Breakup of a close relationship
b. Death of a loved one
c. Loss of social or financial status
d. Effects of drugs and/or alcohol
Depression is often associated with suicide.
Some actions you can take if you believe someone is suicidal are—
a. Take all threats seriously
b. Confront the problem
c. Answer cries for help
d. Let the person know you care
e. Listen
f. Get professional help
g. Don’t leave the person alone
Burns are defined as follows:
a. First-degree burn—Mildest burn. Slight redness, tenderness , and in creased temperature of the burned area.
b. Second-degree burn—More serious than first-degree burn. Inner skin may be damaged, blistering, severe pain, some dehydration, and possible shock.
c. Third-degree burn—Most serious burn. Skin is destroyed and possibly tissue and muscle beneath it. Skin may be charred or white and lifeless (from scalds). Some form of shock will result.
By immersing the burned area in cold water or by applying cold compresses, you minimize pain and reduce the burning effect in deeper layers of the skin.
If a burn covers more than 20% of a victim’s body, you should apply sterile, dry bandages.
When treating burns you should NEVER apply petrolatum gauze, break blisters or apply butter, lard, or Vaseline™.
The three most important signs of heatstroke are—
a. Dry, hot skin
b. Constricted pupils
c. Very high body temperature (usually above 105ºF)
The three most important signs of heat exhaustion are—
a. Moist, clammy skin
b. Dilated pupils
c. Normal or subnormal temperature
The aim of first-aid treatment for heatstroke or heat exhaustion is to reduce body temperature.
True, in case of heatstroke/heat exhaustion, you should transport the victim to a medical facility as soon as possible.
Fractures are—
a. Closed fracture
b. Open fracture
The symptoms of a fractured leg or arm include—
a. Pain and tenderness
b. Discoloration of the skin
c. Creaking or cracking
d. Inability to use the part
e. Motion at points other than joints
f. Swelling
g. Deformity
To give first aid to someone with a fractured leg or arm, you should—
a. Get medical aid as soon as possible
b. Don’t move the victim until splints have been applied, unless the victim’s life is in danger
c. Treat for shock
d. Don’t try to find a fracture by grating the ends of the bone together
e. Don’t try to set a broken bone
f. If a long bone in the leg is fractured, carefully straighten the leg so it can be immobilized g. Apply splints
The types of fractures that should be treated by medical personnel are—
a. Jaw
b. Ribs
c. Spine
You should never move a person who might have a fractured spine or neck because moving that person might cause permanent paralysis.
The symptoms a victim might have with a sprained or strained leg include—
a. Pain, lameness, stiffness, or pressure
b. Pain on movement
c. Swelling and tenderness
d. discoloration
e. With a strain, a distinct gap at the site of the injury
The first aid that should be given to a victim suspected of having a sprained or strained leg includes treating all sprains as fractures until ruled out by X-rays.
One of the easiest ways to carry an unconscious person is to use the fireman’s lift/carry.
When rescuing a person who has received an electric shock, you should not touch the victim’s body, wire, or any other object that may conduct electricity.
You should carry a stretcher with the victim’s feet first so the rear stretcher bearer can see the victim for signs of breathing difficulty.
To transport an injured person from engine-room spaces, a Neil Robertson stretcher is usually used.
Emergency rescue lines are used when an injured person must be transported and no other means is available.
Personal hygiene is important for the following reasons:
a. Close living quarters
b. Well-being of the crew
c. Reduced chance of illness
d. Morale increase
The three most common dental conditions caused by poor dental hygiene are—
a. Tooth decay
b. Reddening of the gums
c. Gum and bone disease
To avoid dental problems, you should—
a. Brush your teeth
b. Floss your teeth
c. Have dental checkups every 6 months
The two most common sexually transmitted diseases are—
a. Syphilis
b. Gonorrhea
AIDS is spread through—
a. Sexual contact
b. Needle sharing by drug users
c. Transfusions
The primary tasks to take when you administer first aid are to—
a. maintain breathing,
b. stop bleeding and maintain circulation,
c. prevent or treat shock.
The general first-aid rule for—
a. shock is to place the victim on his/her back with the head slightly lower than the feet
b. broken bones is to keep the person still until you immobilize the injured part
c. transport of injured persons is on the litter with the litter carried feet first
The first-aid treatment for respiratory failure is artificial ventilation.
Artificial ventilation should be administered only when natural breathing has stopped. NEVER give artificial ventilation to a person who is still breathing.
The three types of artificial ventilation are—
a. Mouth to mouth
b. Mouth to nose
c. Back pressure/arm lift
Cardiac arrest is the complete stoppage of heart function.
To be effective, CPR must be started within 4 minutes of the onset of cardiac arrest.
When you use the one-rescuer technique of CPR, the ratio of compressions to ventilations is 15 compressions to 2 ventilations.
When you use the two-rescuer technique of CPR, the ratio of compressions to ventilations is 5 compressions to 1 ventilation.
The symptoms of airway blockage are—
a. Inability of the victim to speak
b. Exaggerated breathing efforts
c. Skin turning blue
The four methods you can use to clear a person’s airway are—
a. Standing abdominal thrust
b. Reclining abdominal thrust
c. Standing chest thrust
d. Reclining chest thrust
The three types of blood vessels the body uses to circulate blood are—
a. Arteries—large vessels that carry blood away from the heart
b. Veins—large vessels that carry blood back to the heart
c. Capillaries—a connecting network of smaller vessels between the arteries and the veins
Hemorrhage is severe enough to endanger life when arteries or veins are cut.
A loss of 2 pints of blood is usually enough to cause shock.
Blood carried by—
a. Capillaries is brick red
b. Veins is dark red
c. Arteries is bright red
The only way to stop serious bleeding is the application of pressure.
A constricting band is a pad, a band, and a device for tightening the band so that the blood vessels will be compressed. Only use a constricting band when hemorrhage can’t be controlled any other way. Constricting bands are used above the wound. They aren’t used for wounds on the head, neck, or body.
When a constricting band or a battle dressing has been applied, only medical personnel should release/remove it.
A battle dressing is a combination compress and bandage, in which a sterile gauze pad is fastened to a gauze, muslin, or adhesive bandage.
When applying a battle dressing, you should make sure that the dressing covers the entire wound.
Shock is a condition where the blood circulation is seriously disturbed.
The symptoms of shock in a person are—
a. Weak and rapid pulse
b. Shallow, rapid, and irregular breathing
c. Lower temperature—the arms, face, and legs feel cold to the touch
d. Sweating
e. Pale skin color; however, in some cases, it may be bluish or reddish
f. Dilated (enlarged) pupils g. Thirst and an feeling of weakness, faintness, or dizziness
True, you should keep an injured person warm enough to be comfortable, but not warm enough to become overheated.
If you suspect that a person is in shock, you should keep the person lying flat on his/her back with the feet slightly elevated (raised) so that the position encourages the blood to flow back to the brain.
In the Navy, the most frequent suicide victim is an enlisted male between 17 and 24 years old and in paygrades E-1 through E-6.
The most common causes of suicide are—
a. Breakup of a close relationship
b. Death of a loved one
c. Loss of social or financial status
d. Effects of drugs and/or alcohol
Depression is often associated with suicide.
Some actions you can take if you believe someone is suicidal are—
a. Take all threats seriously
b. Confront the problem
c. Answer cries for help
d. Let the person know you care
e. Listen
f. Get professional help
g. Don’t leave the person alone
Burns are defined as follows:
a. First-degree burn—Mildest burn. Slight redness, tenderness , and in creased temperature of the burned area.
b. Second-degree burn—More serious than first-degree burn. Inner skin may be damaged, blistering, severe pain, some dehydration, and possible shock.
c. Third-degree burn—Most serious burn. Skin is destroyed and possibly tissue and muscle beneath it. Skin may be charred or white and lifeless (from scalds). Some form of shock will result.
By immersing the burned area in cold water or by applying cold compresses, you minimize pain and reduce the burning effect in deeper layers of the skin.
If a burn covers more than 20% of a victim’s body, you should apply sterile, dry bandages.
When treating burns you should NEVER apply petrolatum gauze, break blisters or apply butter, lard, or Vaseline™.
The three most important signs of heatstroke are—
a. Dry, hot skin
b. Constricted pupils
c. Very high body temperature (usually above 105ºF)
The three most important signs of heat exhaustion are—
a. Moist, clammy skin
b. Dilated pupils
c. Normal or subnormal temperature
The aim of first-aid treatment for heatstroke or heat exhaustion is to reduce body temperature.
True, in case of heatstroke/heat exhaustion, you should transport the victim to a medical facility as soon as possible.
Fractures are—
a. Closed fracture
b. Open fracture
The symptoms of a fractured leg or arm include—
a. Pain and tenderness
b. Discoloration of the skin
c. Creaking or cracking
d. Inability to use the part
e. Motion at points other than joints
f. Swelling
g. Deformity
To give first aid to someone with a fractured leg or arm, you should—
a. Get medical aid as soon as possible
b. Don’t move the victim until splints have been applied, unless the victim’s life is in danger
c. Treat for shock
d. Don’t try to find a fracture by grating the ends of the bone together
e. Don’t try to set a broken bone
f. If a long bone in the leg is fractured, carefully straighten the leg so it can be immobilized g. Apply splints
The types of fractures that should be treated by medical personnel are—
a. Jaw
b. Ribs
c. Spine
You should never move a person who might have a fractured spine or neck because moving that person might cause permanent paralysis.
The symptoms a victim might have with a sprained or strained leg include—
a. Pain, lameness, stiffness, or pressure
b. Pain on movement
c. Swelling and tenderness
d. discoloration
e. With a strain, a distinct gap at the site of the injury
The first aid that should be given to a victim suspected of having a sprained or strained leg includes treating all sprains as fractures until ruled out by X-rays.
One of the easiest ways to carry an unconscious person is to use the fireman’s lift/carry.
When rescuing a person who has received an electric shock, you should not touch the victim’s body, wire, or any other object that may conduct electricity.
You should carry a stretcher with the victim’s feet first so the rear stretcher bearer can see the victim for signs of breathing difficulty.
To transport an injured person from engine-room spaces, a Neil Robertson stretcher is usually used.
Emergency rescue lines are used when an injured person must be transported and no other means is available.
Personal hygiene is important for the following reasons:
a. Close living quarters
b. Well-being of the crew
c. Reduced chance of illness
d. Morale increase
The three most common dental conditions caused by poor dental hygiene are—
a. Tooth decay
b. Reddening of the gums
c. Gum and bone disease
To avoid dental problems, you should—
a. Brush your teeth
b. Floss your teeth
c. Have dental checkups every 6 months
The two most common sexually transmitted diseases are—
a. Syphilis
b. Gonorrhea
AIDS is spread through—
a. Sexual contact
b. Needle sharing by drug users
c. Transfusions