- Home
- Study Guides
- Enlisted Aviation Warfare Specialist (EAWS) - Study Guide
Enlisted Aviation Warfare Specialist (EAWS) - Study Guide
- By JoeNavy Staff
- Published 11/17/2007
- Study Guides
EAWS - 102
102 First Aid Fundamentals
References:
[a] NAVEDTRA 12043, Basic Military Requirements
[b] NAVEDTRA 10669-C, Hospital Corpsman 3 & 2
102.1 State the three objectives of first aid.
a. To save lives.
b. To prevent further injury.
c. To preserve the victims vitality and resistance to infection.
102.2 State the three methods of controlling bleeding.
a. Direct pressure
b. Elevation
c. Indirect pressure
102.3 Identify an example of a pressure point.
a. FACIAL - Start at the angle of the jaw and run your finger forward along the lower edge of the jawbone until you feel a small notch.
b. SUBCLAVIAN (SHOULDER AND UPPER PART OF ARM)- Press down against the first rib or forward against the collarbone.
c. BRACHIAL (BETWEEN UPPER ARM AND ELBOW) - Apply digital pressure on the inner (body) side of the arm, about halfway between the shoulder and the elbow.
d. RADIAL ULNAR (HAND) - Pressure at the wrist. If possible hold the arm up in the air, the bleeding will be relatively easy to stop.
e. ILIAC (GROIN) - Apply digital pressure in the middle of the groin, so as to control bleeding from the thigh. The artery lies over the bone and quite close to the surface, so pressure with your fingers may be sufficient to stop bleeding.
f. ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TIBIAL (FOOT) - As in the case of bleeding from the hand, elevation is very helpful in controlling bleeding from the foot.
g. SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL (TEMPLE OR SCALP REGION)- Use your finger to compress the main artery to the temple against the skull bone, at the pressure point just in front of the ear.
h. COMMON CAROTID (NECK)- Apply pressure at the muscle. Press inward and slightly backward, compressing the main artery of the side of the neck against the bones of the spinal column.
I. BRACHIAL (LOWER ARM) - Controlled by applying pressure at the elbow
102.4 Describe the symptoms and treatment for shock.
SYMPTOMS
a. Eyes - vacant, lackluster, pupils dilated
b. Breathing - shallow, irregular
c. Skin - pale, cold, moist
d. Nausea
e. Pulse - weak or absent
102.5 Describe the three classifications of burns.
a. FIRST DEGREE - A burn which reddens the skin.
b. SECOND DEGREE - A burn that raises a blister. These burns usually heal in 2 weeks with local treatment.
c. THIRD DEGREE - When the skin is destroyed and some deep second degree burns these burns take much longer to heal and to avoid disfiguring scars, skin grafts may be required.
Treatment of burns
a. First Degree burn - Flush with cool water until pain subsides. Apply loose, moist, sterile dressing and bandage.
b. Second Degree burn - Cleanse the burned area gently with warm water and hexachlorophene soap, and rinse with normal saline. Dirt, grease and dead "shaggy" tissue should be removed. Apply a sterile bandage of dry or slightly impregnated with petroleum gauze. In some cases, a pressure dressing may be applied consisting of additional layers of sterile gauze covered by padding. The dressing is then enclosed with an elastic bandage. Small first degree burns may be treated with an anesthetic ointment.
c. Third Degree burn - They’ re treated the same as the preceding type for about 14 days. Inspection at that time will disclose the third degree areas that need skin grafts.
102.6 State the symptoms and treatment for the following heat related injuries: [ref. a, ch. 20]
a. Heat exhaustion - The victim’s skin will be flush, sweaty, and cool to the touch. Place the victim in a shaded area and give water.
b. Heat stroke - Heat stroke is the condition that progresses past heat exhaustion. In this condition, the body has lost its ability to cool itself through its sweating mechanism. The victim will not be sweating, and will be hot to the touch. The victim’s body temperature is over limits.
102.7 State the difference between an "open" and "closed" fracture. [ref. a, ch. 20]
OPEN - One in which there is an open wound in the tissue and skin. This type of break and wound is also referred to as a compound fracture. Sometimes the wound is made when a sharp end if the broken bone pushes out through the flesh; sometimes it is made by an object that penetrates from the outside. Open fractures are far more serious than closed fractures. They usually involve extensive tissue damage and are likely to be infected.
CLOSED - One in which the injury is entirely internal, that is, the bone is broken, but there is no break in the skin. Closed fractures are sometime converted into open fractures by rough or careless handling of the victim.
102.8 State the following as applied to electrical shock:
a. Personnel rescue - Rescuing a person who has received an electrical shock is likely to be difficult and dangerous. You must not touch the casualty’s body, the wire, or the object that may be conducting the electricity. Look for the switch and turn off the power immediately. Do not waster too much time hunting for the switch, as every second is important. If you cannot secure the power, you should try to separate the casualty from the wire, or the wire from the casualty, by using an object such as a dry rope, dry clothing, dry broom, etc. If using the uniform “web” belt, ensure the belt is not made of nylon, which will conduct electricity.
b. Treatment - Check the individuals airway, breathing, and circulation, and if necessary, begin CPR immediately and continue until the victim regains a heartbeat and breathing pattern.
102.9 Describe the methods for clearing an obstructed airway. - If the victim is unconscious, tilt the head to the side and wipe the foreign material clear with your fingers. If the victim is conscious, and choking, leave alone. If it is clear that the victim cannot breath, perform the Heimlich maneuver.
102.10 Describe the effects of the following cold weather injuries: [ref. b, ch. 4]
a. Hypothermia - The body is in an environment, usually in water, where it cannot maintain its core temperature. The body is losing heat faster than it can be generated.
b. Superficial frostbite - Damage occurring to the first few layers of skin.
c. Deep frostbite - More serious than superficial frostbite, the skin has frozen in areas well below the first few layers.
References:
[a] NAVEDTRA 12043, Basic Military Requirements
[b] NAVEDTRA 10669-C, Hospital Corpsman 3 & 2
102.1 State the three objectives of first aid.
a. To save lives.
b. To prevent further injury.
c. To preserve the victims vitality and resistance to infection.
102.2 State the three methods of controlling bleeding.
a. Direct pressure
b. Elevation
c. Indirect pressure
102.3 Identify an example of a pressure point.
a. FACIAL - Start at the angle of the jaw and run your finger forward along the lower edge of the jawbone until you feel a small notch.
b. SUBCLAVIAN (SHOULDER AND UPPER PART OF ARM)- Press down against the first rib or forward against the collarbone.
c. BRACHIAL (BETWEEN UPPER ARM AND ELBOW) - Apply digital pressure on the inner (body) side of the arm, about halfway between the shoulder and the elbow.
d. RADIAL ULNAR (HAND) - Pressure at the wrist. If possible hold the arm up in the air, the bleeding will be relatively easy to stop.
e. ILIAC (GROIN) - Apply digital pressure in the middle of the groin, so as to control bleeding from the thigh. The artery lies over the bone and quite close to the surface, so pressure with your fingers may be sufficient to stop bleeding.
f. ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TIBIAL (FOOT) - As in the case of bleeding from the hand, elevation is very helpful in controlling bleeding from the foot.
g. SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL (TEMPLE OR SCALP REGION)- Use your finger to compress the main artery to the temple against the skull bone, at the pressure point just in front of the ear.
h. COMMON CAROTID (NECK)- Apply pressure at the muscle. Press inward and slightly backward, compressing the main artery of the side of the neck against the bones of the spinal column.
I. BRACHIAL (LOWER ARM) - Controlled by applying pressure at the elbow
102.4 Describe the symptoms and treatment for shock.
SYMPTOMS
a. Eyes - vacant, lackluster, pupils dilated
b. Breathing - shallow, irregular
c. Skin - pale, cold, moist
d. Nausea
e. Pulse - weak or absent
102.5 Describe the three classifications of burns.
a. FIRST DEGREE - A burn which reddens the skin.
b. SECOND DEGREE - A burn that raises a blister. These burns usually heal in 2 weeks with local treatment.
c. THIRD DEGREE - When the skin is destroyed and some deep second degree burns these burns take much longer to heal and to avoid disfiguring scars, skin grafts may be required.
Treatment of burns
a. First Degree burn - Flush with cool water until pain subsides. Apply loose, moist, sterile dressing and bandage.
b. Second Degree burn - Cleanse the burned area gently with warm water and hexachlorophene soap, and rinse with normal saline. Dirt, grease and dead "shaggy" tissue should be removed. Apply a sterile bandage of dry or slightly impregnated with petroleum gauze. In some cases, a pressure dressing may be applied consisting of additional layers of sterile gauze covered by padding. The dressing is then enclosed with an elastic bandage. Small first degree burns may be treated with an anesthetic ointment.
c. Third Degree burn - They’ re treated the same as the preceding type for about 14 days. Inspection at that time will disclose the third degree areas that need skin grafts.
102.6 State the symptoms and treatment for the following heat related injuries: [ref. a, ch. 20]
a. Heat exhaustion - The victim’s skin will be flush, sweaty, and cool to the touch. Place the victim in a shaded area and give water.
b. Heat stroke - Heat stroke is the condition that progresses past heat exhaustion. In this condition, the body has lost its ability to cool itself through its sweating mechanism. The victim will not be sweating, and will be hot to the touch. The victim’s body temperature is over limits.
102.7 State the difference between an "open" and "closed" fracture. [ref. a, ch. 20]
OPEN - One in which there is an open wound in the tissue and skin. This type of break and wound is also referred to as a compound fracture. Sometimes the wound is made when a sharp end if the broken bone pushes out through the flesh; sometimes it is made by an object that penetrates from the outside. Open fractures are far more serious than closed fractures. They usually involve extensive tissue damage and are likely to be infected.
CLOSED - One in which the injury is entirely internal, that is, the bone is broken, but there is no break in the skin. Closed fractures are sometime converted into open fractures by rough or careless handling of the victim.
102.8 State the following as applied to electrical shock:
a. Personnel rescue - Rescuing a person who has received an electrical shock is likely to be difficult and dangerous. You must not touch the casualty’s body, the wire, or the object that may be conducting the electricity. Look for the switch and turn off the power immediately. Do not waster too much time hunting for the switch, as every second is important. If you cannot secure the power, you should try to separate the casualty from the wire, or the wire from the casualty, by using an object such as a dry rope, dry clothing, dry broom, etc. If using the uniform “web” belt, ensure the belt is not made of nylon, which will conduct electricity.
b. Treatment - Check the individuals airway, breathing, and circulation, and if necessary, begin CPR immediately and continue until the victim regains a heartbeat and breathing pattern.
102.9 Describe the methods for clearing an obstructed airway. - If the victim is unconscious, tilt the head to the side and wipe the foreign material clear with your fingers. If the victim is conscious, and choking, leave alone. If it is clear that the victim cannot breath, perform the Heimlich maneuver.
102.10 Describe the effects of the following cold weather injuries: [ref. b, ch. 4]
a. Hypothermia - The body is in an environment, usually in water, where it cannot maintain its core temperature. The body is losing heat faster than it can be generated.
b. Superficial frostbite - Damage occurring to the first few layers of skin.
c. Deep frostbite - More serious than superficial frostbite, the skin has frozen in areas well below the first few layers.
JoeNavy Staff
Staff and Volunteers strive provide a platform for mutual learning between Sailors working together towards a common goal. Staff and Volunteers strive to place hard to find content at your finger tips via the internet.
View all articles by JoeNavy Staff